Coffee ? From Meals to Drink. | Coffee News

Coffee - From Foods to Drink.The heritage of the discovery of coffee is rife with speculation. Its transition from food to beverage is equally open to...


May 27th, 2012 by Guest-->

Coffee - From Foods to Drink.The heritage of the discovery of coffee is rife with speculation.

Its transition from food to beverage is equally open to interpretation and historical variations. Early European explorers and botanists considered that Ethiopians chewed raw coffee beans for energy just after selecting their grazing goats consuming the coffee berry.

They would pound the ripened coffee berries and blend them with animal excess fat so they became pasty round pellets. The concentration of coffee, unwanted fat, and protein grew to become a critical source of power and sustenance, especially for the duration of lean instances or while in war.

The coffee cherries have been also possible eaten raw since the pulp is sweet and has the extra Website advantage of caffeine.

Early information even indicate that coffee cherries ended up utilized to make wine. Its potential that coffee was handled as meals in Arabia as Great Site clearly.

Only later did the early Arabs use it as a drink. Documents demonstrate that the earliest version of coffee as a drink took area by steeping entire coffee hulls in cold Click Here h2o.

pat buchanan slither slither chris christie naacp glen campbell jerusalem artichoke

Ed McLaughlin remembered for cycling, community devotion

Click photo to enlarge

Ed McLaughlin addresses cyclists at the Tour de Ed in downtown Chico in 2011. The charity ride raises money for injured cyclists.

CHICO ? Few formal programs have been as successful as creating decision-makers for Chico than Ed McLaughlin, who died this morning.

McLaughlin was widely known as "the bike guy," executive director of Chico Velo bike organization, and cycling advocate until he was involved in a cycling accident that left him paralyzed.

As friends and acquaintances talked about McLaughlin on today, his ability to advocate for cycling, advocate for Chico and convince individuals they could do the most good in elected office surfaced strongly.

At least four current and former city officials said they sought office because of encouragement from McLaughlin.

"He's responsible for me being mayor," said Ann Schwab Thursday morning.

An avid cyclist and co-owner of a downtown Chico bike shop, Schwab was a good friend of McLaughlin's, saying he had encouraged her to run for City Council.

Schwab said she saw McLaughlin on Tuesday, visiting him in the hospital after he fell out of bed last week. She did not know the cause of his death.

A family email forwarded to the Enterprise-Record said he had come home from the hospital on Wednesday and died early this morning. He was having breathing difficulties.

"These last six months he was the most active he had been since the accident. He was getting around town, and becoming very active with emails," Schwab said.

A freak accident in 2007 left McLaughlin paralyzed. He was riding with a group of other cyclists through

Bidwell Park and smashed into a bollard that was obscured by the group, which pressed together to avoid a pedestrian.

The fork of his cycle broke and he fell to the front, injuring his spine.

He spent months in a Bay Area hospital renown for its back care before returning to Chico. In a wheelchair, he continued his advocacy for cycling, including serving as chair of the city's Bicycle Advisory Committee, which started in the mid-90s.

"He was the only chair," said Schwab. "He always said the best way to make change is to advocate."

Bike shop owner Steve O'Bryan of Pullins Cyclery said his civic involvement, first in the Bidwell Park and Playground Commission, was prompted by McLaughlin. He also served on the Chico Planning Commission, the Chico Unified School District board and is vice chair of the Bicycle Advisory Committee, which meets as needed.

O'Bryan remembers a post-election conversation about how many chamber-supported candidates won office, when a high Chico official commented on the more wide-spread success of Chico Velo-supported candidates.

"What Ed did was low key, steady and gradually influencing the powers that be, while seeking the funding that got projects done," O'Bryan said, noting McLaughlin refused to ask for city funding when other organizations did.

O'Bryan said most of the bike facilities around town bear McLaughlin's mark.

"Every time you take a bike ride, push a button at a stop or be on a separated bike path, or one with a stripe on the ground, the Mangrove Avenue bike tunnel ... know that Ed was heavily involved in that.

"He was the keystone."

McLaughlin was an ambassador for Chico as well, especially among the national cycling arena. He was involved in calling Bicycle magazine's attention to Chico, which in 1998 named it the best cycling community in the U.S. Other cycling organizations and publications also acknowledged Chico because of McLaughlin's efforts.

"It was Ed who first got me involved in governance," said Chico State University engineering professor Russ Mills, "first with the Bidwell Park and Playground Commission and then with the Chico State academic senate.

"He wasn't just an advocate for bicyclists, he was an advocate for life. Even after his tragic injury, Ed was still enthusiastic and connected."

After the accident, friends of McLaughlin created Tour de Ed bike ride as a fundraiser for helping him with care costs, but it was broadened to help any injured cyclist through the nonprofit Chico Cyclists Care Fund created after the first ride.

Friends also remember his wry sense of humor, borne out in costumes he would wear to the Tour de Ed bike event, including an ape, pope and cowboy outfits.

"I don't know what the significance of those costumes were," said Schwab, "but that was Ed."

From New Jersey, he also had a "New Jersey kind of attitude," O'Bryan said.

Before the accident, McLaughlin had been the executive director of Chico Velo cycling advocacy organization, weighing in on community plans and developments with an eye to the cycling community. He often volunteered for community planning processes, speaking for the cycling community.

He operated a bicycle delivery service and boasted that he didn't own a car.

"He had vision to see things," said O'Bryan, who said he met McLaughlin soon after he moved to Chico from Eureka. He worked at the Social Security office and would come into Chico Bicycle, where O'Bryan worked.

"He was overweight and smoked. Someone told him he'd better change his lifestyle so he got into bicycling."

McLaughlin was involved in expanding the Wildflower Century bike ride, O'Bryan said, which was also noted as one of the country's best 100-mile ride. This year, the ride, which occurred in April, had to be limited to 4,000 riders, who came from throughout the country.

In 2004, the League of American Bicyclists named Chico one of six bicycle-friendly communities, and McLaughlin was working on increasing Chico's status with that organization.

He was also an ardent letter writer to the Enterprise-Record, pointing out community issues on cycling, access and other matters that he felt needed to be addressed.

"What I appreciated most was his outlook on life, and his phrases, like he'd say you should examine your career, or what you were doing on a daily basis, then ask 'Are you in a rut or in a groove'," Schwab said.

"Hopefully he's on a good bike ride right now," said O'Bryan.

"Don't be sad for Ed; be sad for us."

jesse jackson whitney houston funeral video tyler perry whitney houston r kelly r. kelly macular degeneration whitney houston funeral

Eating Fat Makes Mice Brain Want More

60-Second Science60-Second Science | Mind & Brain

Mice fed a high-fat diet make new cells in the hypothalamus, which may increase the desire to eat more. Karen Hopkin reports

More 60-Second Science

Subscribe via iTunes

In this groundbreaking adventure into the worlds of psychopaths, the renowned psychologist Kevin Dutton argues that there is a fine line between a brilliant...

Read More??

If you could add cells anywhere in your body, you might pick your brain. More brain cells should make you smarter, right? Well, a new study shows that they might just make you fatter. Because animals that make new nerve cells in a brain region that controls hunger tend to pack on the pounds. The results appear in the journal Nature Neuroscience. [Daniel A. Lee et al., "Tanycytes of the hypothalamic median eminence form a diet-responsive neurogenic niche"]

In the late 1990s, scientists found that adult mammals can make new brain cells in an area associated with learning and memory. Since then, studies have shown that new neurons also arise in the hypothalamus, a structure associated with regulating body temperature, sleep and appetite. So, what are those cells up to?

Using techniques to track the birth of new neurons, researchers found that mice fed a high fat diet make four times as many new cells in the hypothalamus than do animals raised on standard chow. When the scientists eliminated the source of these new cells, the chubby mice gained less weight.?

This mechanism might have evolved to encourage animals to store up body fat when food is plentiful. Which used to alternate with lean times. But in these boon times, your brain may be your waist enemy.

?Karen Hopkin

[The above text is an exact transcript of this podcast.]

[Scientific American is part of the Nature Publishing Group.]


huntsville al channel 2 news adrienne bailon yelp stock honda classic news channel 5 nashville weather

Islamists Set the Pace in Egypt's Presidential Race, but Runoff Is Likely

Updated: May 25, 2011 at 5:15 a.m. EST

Farmers and laborers have waited for hours in a long line outside the polling station in the impoverished village of Kirdasah, on Cairo's western outskirts, but their spirits are high.

Most are here to vote for the same candidate. "It's a rural town so everyone here is supporting the Muslim Brotherhood," says Soaad Abdullah Wahab, a 40-year-old housewife, waiting to mark her ballot for the Brotherhood's presidential candidate, Mohamed Morsy. "It's because people here are more attached to religion."

And it's not just Kirdasah. Judging by informal exit polls from the first democratic presidential election in Egypt's history, a great number of Egyptians -- possibly many more than expected -- are similarly "attached to religion."

More than a year after a popular uprising ended the 30-year-reign of President Hosni Mubarak, the first presidential race of the so-called Arab Spring has pitted the former officials of the ousted regime against the Islamists that it once banned and imprisoned. The Brotherhood captured the lion's share of parliamentary seats last winter, but prospects for a similar showing by its presidential candidate, Mohamed Morsy, had been widely dismissed by pundits ahead of this week's vote. Morsy was labeled uncharismatic and unpopular by the Egyptian news media, while many analysts believed he had thrown his hat in the ring too late. Even if the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice party may be the most organized show in town, analysts and political rivals believed that not all of the movement's supporters would simply back whichever candidate was endorsed by the Brotherhood's leadership. And Morsy had been a last-minute choice -- a "spare tire" as his critics have derisively called him -- after the original Brotherhood pick, Khairat el-Shater, was disqualified by an electoral commission chosen by the ruling military.

(SPECIAL: The Middle East in Revolt)

But the naysayers may have miscalculated. It's hard to determine whether Morsy is in the lead, but he's clearly doing far better than anyone had expected. And as electoral officials begin counting the ballots after the polls close at 9 p.m. Thursday, the Brotherhood may well have to prepare itself for a run-off. By late afternoon, all five of the frontrunner candidates, including two Islamists, two former regime ministers, and a pan-Arab nationalist, claimed to be in the lead. A five-way tie is highly improbable, but analysts say a run-off vote in June between the two leading candidates -- guaranteed if no candidate captures more than 50% of the votes -- is almost certain. Come Friday morning, according to the Brotherhood, they claimed their candidate was leading with a narrow edge in the five-way race. "I think we are on the verge of a new era. We trusted God, we trusted in the people, we trusted in our party," Essam el-Erian said at a news conference at which the group claimed its lead.

The Brotherhood says it's the movement's discipline and organization that trumped the rivals in the end. "We have more experience," said one Brotherhood official, Khaled Tantawy, matter-of-factly, as the men around him tapped on computers in one of the group's operations centers in the poor Cairo suburb of Shubra al-Kheima on Wednesday. The group's observers, spread out at polling stations across the country, have provided their local offices with regular updates and reports of violations over the two days of voting, while tables of volunteers run outdoor help centers to guide Egyptians to their polling stations. The latter is a tactic that worked well for the Islamists during parliamentary elections -- so well, perhaps, that supporters of another Islamist candidate and possible contender for the run-off, the more liberal former Brotherhood official Abdel Moneim Aboul Futouh, followed suit.

But the Islamists certainly face a strong opposition, spurred -- they allege -- by the ruling military and state media. Indeed, another underrated frontrunner who has surged into the foreground this week is Mubarak's former Prime Minister and ex commander of the Air Force, Ahmed Shafik. Liberal youth and Islamists say Shafik, along with the former Arab League chief Amr Moussa, are "felool" candidates -- remnants of the old regime. Voters pelted Shafik with shoes as he visited a polling station on Wednesday. And many of the same youth activists who participated in last year's uprising have fought hard to discredit the men who they say want nothing more than to restore the old order.

(PHOTOS: Egypt's Presidential Elections: Free and a Free-for-All)

But Shafik's surge in popularity -- and indeed Moussa's popularity all along -- underscores a sentiment that doesn't sit well with Egyptian revolutionaries: some people miss the old order. And many others are willing to vote for a candidate associated with it, if it means a return to pre-revolution social stability. As voters stuffed their choices into plastic ballot boxes near the Giza pyramids, many lamented the rising atmosphere of insecurity since the uprising, and the disastrous effect that more than a year of political turmoil has had on the tourism industry -- a sector that generates the livelihoods of many Egyptians. "We're all voting for Ahmed Shafik," said Hag Gabr, a factory owner. "We're not here for the oil, the sugar, and the 20 pounds," he added, referring to rumors of material support handed out by the Muslim Brotherhood in the days ahead of the vote. "We're here for the safety and security."

Many who voted for Moussa or Shafik explained they were motivated by their sheer opposition to the Islamists. And many Christians, who make up roughly 10% of Egypt's 85 million, said they voted for Shafik because the Coptic church had pushed them toward the most anti-Islamist choice. "Voting for the Brotherhood was a mistake we made once," said Hassan Saqr, a businessman, referring to the parliamentary election. "But they cheated us and lied to us. They told us they'd bring security and put people in good jobs, and none of that happened." Saqr voted for Ahmed Shafik too.

The run-off will likely prove even fiercer than first round, once 13 candidates have been whittled down to two. Those two could include Mohamed Morsy, Ahmed Shafik, Amr Moussa, or Abdel Moneim Aboul Futouh.

And although monitors and voters reported a relatively clean process with few violations -- at least compared to the intimidation, violence and fraud of Mubarak-era elections, -- allegations of rigging and other irregularities (filed mostly against Shafik and Morsy) could still tip the end game. Monitors affiliated with the Islamist candidates accused monitoring judges of pressing illiterate voters to choose Shafik, and claimed his campaign of bussed people in. The other side accused the Muslim Brotherhood of handing out food -- indeed, villagers in Kirdasah admitted to having received it -- and local media reported by Thursday evening that most of the candidates had violated electoral rules. God knows who's going to win, many Egyptians said, when asked for their predictions. Osman Mohamed Azmi, a government bureaucrat, was one who wouldn't say who he voted for as he exited a polling station in central Cairo. "But," he added, "I feel like a first class Egyptian citizen, who stated his opinion."

With reporting by Sharaf al-Hourani

PHOTOS: Police and Protesters Clash in Cairo

View this article on Time.com

Most Popular on Time.com:

oklahoma news nascar news doppler radar colorado rockies moonshine news channel 4 radar weather

Get a Home Staging Class and Start Earning | Home Decorating ...

Have you ever dreamed to be a home stager someday? Do you want to start a career with this business or make your own business? If you want to make your own name in home staging, then find yourself a home staging class to start with.

A home staging class is far different than an interior designing class. Interior designer classes will teach you how to design empty rooms using furnitures and decorations, while home while home staging classes will teach you how to neutralize an already existing room. Interior designing is a full university course for four years, while home staging consists of few courses, manuals, and simple techniques.

If you want to be a home stager, then you must have some creativity in you. A home stager is really in demand in the realty business and the salary ranges around 00 ? ,000 depending on your skills and the project demands. With this job, your time is in your hands and you can work for anytime that you want without hassles. You can also choose to set your schedule in this kind of work so you can really spend a long vacation or have plenty of time with your family.

]]>

You can easily choose from accredited schools near your vicinity or online if you are too busy. The length of a class can be a few days up to one month depending on the course outline. Tuition fees can range from ? 00 and books or ebooks are optional requirements. After you have finished the course, you will be granted a certification and can now start home staging anytime you want.

Most home staging classes focuses on the designing on the house. Online courses can give you some tips and ideas to make a beautiful staged room while other classes give you on-the-spot training to hone your skills. There are also some classes that focus on the business side of the field like computing for the consultation and project costs.

The good thing about online classes is that these give you more flexibility of your time. You can study at night where you don?t have a job and active kids to attend to. What?s more, many schools also allow you to learn at your pace. You can study easily with this method than the usual normal classes. However, online classes lack some familiarity with the actual process and are defeated in that aspect with regular classes.

Before you enroll in a class make sure you really like the environment. Ask about the experience of the instructors, the study materials to be used, the room or interactive content that you must work on and your certification. Check all the fees of all available courses so you can have a superb education with the right value for your money.

A home staging class is your one step towards becoming a home stager. Study well and hone your skills so you can have all the money and time enough to spend on your family.

march madness bracket south by southwest i want to know what love is courtney mercury retrograde bath salts heart shaped box

Astrodome fades, crumbles as Houston decides fate

Once touted as the Eighth Wonder of the World, the Astrodome sits quietly gathering dust and items for storage Monday, May 21, 2012, in Houston. The domed stadium was home to the Houston Oilers, Astros and Stock Show and Rodeo along with playing host to the NBA Finals, professional boxing, tennis extravaganzas and numerous high school football playoff games. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)

Once touted as the Eighth Wonder of the World, the Astrodome sits quietly gathering dust and items for storage Monday, May 21, 2012, in Houston. The domed stadium was home to the Houston Oilers, Astros and Stock Show and Rodeo along with playing host to the NBA Finals, professional boxing, tennis extravaganzas and numerous high school football playoff games. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)

A concrete barrier circles the Astrodome Monday, May 21, 2012, in Houston. Once touted as the Eighth Wonder of the World, the nation's first domed stadium sits quietly gathering dust and items for storage. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)

Rows of dirty, tattered seats ring the Astrodome Monday, May 21, 2012, in Houston. Once touted as the Eighth Wonder of the World, the nation's first domed stadium sits quietly gathering dust and items for storage. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)

Old, wrinkled Astroturf for football lays across the floor of the Astrodome Monday, May 21, 2012, in Houston. Once touted as the Eighth Wonder of the World, the nation's first domed stadium sits quietly gathering dust and items for storage. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)

Rows of dirty, tattered seats ring the Astrodome Monday, May 21, 2012, in Houston. Once touted as the Eighth Wonder of the World, the nation's first domed stadium sits quietly gathering dust and items for storage. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)

(AP) ? The Astrodome was once the envy of other cities, a fully air conditioned facility with a translucent roof that kept out the heat and humidity, gave synthetic grass its name, made Houston a sports entertainment destination and sparked the imaginations of baseball lovers, concert-goers and some of the country's most creative minds.

Walt Disney, according to local legend, was so blown away when he stood under the dome that he dubbed it the Eighth Wonder of the World.

Then came the retractable roof, and the Astrodome, in its heyday the proud host to everyone from Muhammad Ali to Madonna, rapidly became a venue of the past.

Now, after years on the sidelines, the Astrodome is in the spotlight again as the leader and staff of the agency that runs the facility are set Wednesday to make a recommendation on its future.

One option could be a fate that other domes have met in recent times ? demolition.

For now the Astrodome sits there, a signature feature of Houston's skyline, in disrepair and decaying, dirt covering the floors, mold creeping up the walls, the AstroTurf that got its name from the building a dirty, rumpled mess.

"It was an amazing structure at its time," said Mark Miller, general manager of the Harris County Sports and Convention Corp., the agency that oversees the Astrodome, Reliant Stadium and the other complexes on the 340-acre campus. The Associated Press toured the Astrodome earlier this week.

"People were coming from all over the world to see the Astrodome, it was that significant. People like Frank Sinatra, Walt Disney, John Wayne ... just came to Houston to see the Astrodome because it was such an amazing thing at the time," Miller added. "It seems commonplace now, but for its time, being the first, it was just incredible."

However, the last time it was used for an event was in 2008. More memorably, in 2005 it housed refugees from Hurricane Katrina.

Today, piles of cardboard boxes litter the stadium floor alongside a crumpled mat of synthetic football field. Trash litters the stands under torn stadium seats, from which spectators watched major events from the "Battle of the Sexes" tennis match between Bobby Riggs and Billie Jean King, to concerts by Elvis and the Rolling Stones, to the Republican National Convention.

In 1965, after Houston unveiled its marvel, complete with luxury suites, almost tasty food and beer served at clean Formica counters, comfortable press boxes and cushioned seats, other cities quickly followed suit. There was the Kingdome in Seattle ? now gone. The Sun Dome in Tampa, Fla. Minneapolis' Metrodome. And New Orleans' Superdome, considered an improvement ? bigger and better ? on the Astrodome.

"Eventually, it's always about money," said Bob Bluthardt, former chairman of the ballparks research committee at the Society for American Baseball Research. "And the Astrodome went from being state-of-the-art to being obsolete in barely a generation."

John Pastier, an architect who wrote the 2006 book "Historic Ballparks," agreed.

"The fixed dome had a certain period of currency and then was replaced by retractable domes," he said.

A roof that opens and closes has the benefit of beating back the elements when necessary while also being able to let in the air and the view.

Houston, too, wanted bigger and better. Like other teams, the Astros wanted their own stadium, so they built Minute Maid Park with a retractable roof. The NFL's Texans also got a new retractable roof stadium ? Reliant? that opened in 2002.

Since then, the Astrodome hasn't turned a profit.

So when it came to paying millions to get inspections and permits reapproved, the corporation opted out. And the Astrodome has stood largely vacant.

Reports have been written, recommendations have been made. A multipurpose facility, with a new event floor, a S.T.E.M. ? Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics ? Institute and green attributes. A "renaissance" building with a museum, S.T.E.M. attractions, a conference center and a movie studio.

A dark shadow floating above, always, was demolition, the very idea of which offends some Houstonians.

But the option remains the cheapest, $128 million as of 2010, including the cost of transforming the site into a plaza with green space and a water feature, compared with nearly $400 million for a simple multipurpose facility and nearly $600 million to make the "renaissance" idea reality.

And in a state where there is no income tax and in a city that collects only sales and property taxes, the idea of using public money to build a new facility might be less popular than demolition.

Bluthardt, the baseball historian, believes Houstonians would, in the end, accept demolition.

"Houston ... by nature is a city that looks to the future," he said.

If the planners can find a sustainable model for saving the structure it is possible the Astrodome will remain.

Otherwise, it could also disappear in a large boom and a cloud of smoke.

"It will be another chapter in the Astrodome's long history," Bluthardt adds.

__

Plushnick-Masti can be followed on Twitter at https://twitter.com//RamitMastiAP

Associated Press

time magazine person of the year time magazine person of the year la clippers verizon galaxy nexus verizon galaxy nexus lawrence lessig lawrence lessig

Newly discovered breast milk antibodies help neutralize HIV

Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Antibodies that help to stop the HIV virus have been found in breast milk. Researchers at Duke University Medical Center isolated the antibodies from immune cells called B cells in the breast milk of infected mothers in Malawi, and showed that the B cells in breast milk can generate neutralizing antibodies that may inhibit the virus that causes AIDS.

HIV-1 can be transmitted from mother to child via breastfeeding, posing a challenge for safe infant feeding practices in areas of high HIV-1 prevalence. But only one in 10 HIV-infected nursing mothers is known to pass the virus to their infants.

"That is remarkable, because nursing children are exposed multiple times each day during their first year of life," said senior author Sallie Permar, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor of pediatrics and infectious diseases at Duke. "We are asking if there is an immune response that protects 90 percent of infants, and could we harness that response to develop immune system prophylaxis (protection) during breastfeeding for mothers infected with HIV-1.

"Our work helped establish that these B cells in breast milk can produce HIV-neutralizing antibodies, so enhancing the response or getting more mucosal B-cells to produce those helpful antibodies would be useful, and this is a possible route to explore for HIV-1 vaccine development," Permar said.

The study was published on May 18 in PLoS One, an open-access journal published by the Public Library of Science.

"This is important work that seeks to understand what a vaccine must do to protect babies from mucosal transmission during breastfeeding," said Barton Haynes, M.D., co-author and a national leader in AIDS/HIV research, director of the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI), as well as director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute (DHVI). "The antibodies isolated are the first HIV antibodies isolated from breast milk that react with the HIV-1 envelope, and it important to understand how they work to attack HIV-1."

The findings of two different antibodies with HIV-neutralizing properties isolated from breast milk also may help researchers with new investigations into adult-to-adult transmission, in addition to mother-to-child transmission.

Permar said that most HIV-1 transmission occurs at a mucosal site in the body ? surfaces lined with epithelial cells, such as the gastrointestinal tract or vaginal tissue. The mucosal compartments all have their own immune system cells.

"We're excited about this finding because the immune cells in mucosal compartments can cross-talk and traffic between compartments," Permar said. "So the antibodies we found in breast milk indicate that these same antibodies are able to be elicited in other tissues."

Interestingly, the Centers for Disease Control in the U.S. recommend against breastfeeding if a mother has HIV-1, because baby formula is a safe alternative for U.S.-born infants. The World Health Organization, however, encourages HIV-infected nursing mothers in resource-poor regions to breastfeed while the mother and/or infant take antiretroviral drugs to prevent the infection in the infant, because without the nutrients and immune factors in mothers' milk, many more infants would die from severe diarrhea and respiratory and other diseases.

At the DHVI and CHAVI, there are many projects aimed at designing neutralizing responses in vaccinated individuals, and for improved vaccines that display specific targets to the immune system before it gets infected, with the idea of eliciting protective responses that fight against HIV transmission. "Our work will be important in eliminating mother-to-child transmission and getting the types of responses needed for protecting all infants," Permar said.

The study itself wasn't easy to perform, she noted. The samples came from a group of women in Malawi who were recruited by CHAVI for this study.

"Successfully characterizing antibodies from such a fragile medium required global coordination and expertise across multiple fields and is a hopeful testament to the incredible amounts of work and leadership currently under way to fight this devastating disease," said first author James Friedman, a third-year medical student at Duke University School of Medicine. "To be a part of, and to contribute to such a large-scale and important effort is incredibly exciting."

Because of limited availability of the laboratory instrument needed to isolate single, viable immune cells in the region, the samples were not analyzed there. Instead, samples were frozen and transported for analysis. Keeping the breast milk under the right conditions for later thawing and testing of B cells and for isolating antibodies was a challenge, Permar said.

###

Duke University Medical Center: http://www.dukemednews.org

Thanks to Duke University Medical Center for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 13 time(s).

google maps 8 bit mirror mirror robyn texas relays meniscus the colony kids choice awards

three Guidelines When Getting Your Very First Piece of Land

by Real Estate News on May 22, 2012

Purchasing your very first piece of land provides a whole new arranged of issues. It is a small challenging activity particularly when you are looking for any land where you will probably be establishing a whole new house , but no much more anxieties simply because this informative article is made to serve like a information for very first land purchasers. It explains the way to go about acquiring the land in the first place before the improvement and marketing method.

As a real-estate agent, I know how critical choosing the land where you will probably be building a whole new house is. Say it clich?, however the 3 most critical elements to take into account in real-estate are area, area, and area. When you received the proper area for the residence, you?ve got the higher probability of marketing it quick and at a increased dollar price.

This article consists of some tips which you could try out implementing when purchasing your very first piece of land. You should realize that they are off from your real specials and there are much more critical issues to take into account but like a new land buyer, it?s critical which you know the following outlined beneath prior to deciding to could shift on towards the much more advanced degree method of purchasing a whole new piece of land.

1. Search and uncover for that land in the first place.
As I explained before, even though it is just a clich?, the 3 most critical issues to take into account are area, area and area. It is because obtaining the proper area for the presents you a large number of odds which you could sell it rapidly and at a great financial gain. Don?t forget, there?s a massive big difference in between obtaining your for salesold quick rather than obtaining it sold quick.

The moment you discover a great land for the residence, it truly is critical which you try out to anticipate the achievable difficulties and study how you can offer with them. You?ve to perform every one of these prior to deciding to acquire the land. In the event you can do these, you are able to steer clear of difficulties that may arise. You may have a very higher chance at performing this in the event you can uncover a lawyer who can give every one of the particulars about the land.

2. The next factor to take into account when purchasing your new piece of land is the accessibility. You?ve to take into account the proper ways and use of the site. You are able to do this by inquiring this concern ?How will I reach and from your site? You?ve to make sure which the area you choose allows the possible residence purchasers to get a straightforward accessibility.

Contemplate possessing a talk with all the regional highways authority if you are going to build and build much more plots. Your talk with them will consist of you agreeing which you can have the roadways build according to the road specifications arranged by them.

3. The deal. You?ve to get the residence deal. This could take a while, but legalities are incredibly critical issues to take into account in this particular variety of transaction.

Related posts:

  1. Three Tips for Leasing Industrial House
  2. Useful and Beneficial Tips When Acquiring Real Property
  3. Stay Awhile With Property Rental Huddersfield
Tags: Real Estate, for sale, Home, property

tim tebow ny jets ny jets sean payton saints bounty program toulouse france the situation

UK virtual orchestra puts you in conductor's stand

(AP) ? A London museum is putting the conductor's baton in visitors' hands, allowing guests to direct a virtual orchestra using three-dimensional motion sensors.

The "Universe of Sound" installation is an effort by the British capital's Science Museum to dissect how classical music is made, using specially shot footage, immersive sound, and 360 degree projections to give an unusually close-up view of the well-regarded Philharmonia Orchestra.

"At the end of the whole installation you become part of the entirety," said David Whelton, the museum's managing director. "You become part of the Philharmonia."

At the center of the Science Museum's exhibition is footage of Gustav Holst's "The Planets," a majestic orchestral suite at times martial, moody or ethereal. Some 37 cameras shot the Philharmonia's 132 musicians running through the score on the specially-blacked out stage at Watford Colosseum, just outside London, early this year.

They were shot over the course of a single day, playing together, playing in groups, or playing alone. That's something which allows those browsing the footage ? projected on large screens against the Science Museum's darkened, sonorous interior ? to zoom in on a single section or even a single musician, picking single strands of sound from the general swell of the music.

Greg Felton, who does digital work for the orchestra, pointed an Associated Press reporter to the woodwind section's subtle, atmospheric notes.

"There are people who know The Planets incredibly well who would never have heard this," he said.

The exhibit also gives visitors a chance to see parts of the orchestra in an up-close way which wouldn't otherwise have been possible, focusing on a harpist's hands or a violinist's fingers. One camera was even attached to a trombone's slide, whipping back and forth as the brass section got into gear.

"None of the musicians can get away with anything," remarked the Philharmonia's principle percussionist, Kevin Hathway, who was on hand to demonstrate an interactive drum set.

Would-be maestros may like the virtual conductor program the best.

Several installations at the museum use Microsoft's Kinect technology to capture the hand movements of visitors who stand in specially-made pods. Raise your left hand and the orchestra ? which appears on a set of television screens ? plays louder. Speed the movement of your right hand and the tempo of the music increases. Get the movements wrong and the musicians get out of tune. Get it really wrong and a computerized audience starts coughing politely.

The conduct-yourself exhibits are likely to be popular, but Felton seemed to like the close-ups the best ? particularly the ones that showed musicians resting between movements, their hands slack but their faces alert.

He stopped at a video of organist Richard Pearce, normally hidden behind his massive instrument, far from the back-and-forth of the conductor's baton.

"You never get to see that guy play!" Felton said.

Universe of Sound opens Wednesday. Admission is free.

Associated Press

ed reed football schedule jo paterno dead south carolina tuskegee airmen mike james red tails